Ecosystem and Environment
INTRODUCTION--
Any unit that includes all of the organisms in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined tropic structure ,biotic diversity and material cycle within the system is called an ecological system or ecosystem . It is clear from the above definition that ecosystem is an area where biotic and abiotic components interact with each other . this interaction is brought bout by the energy flow from one organism to another . The concept of ecosystem is a dynamic one. It is an open system , where gets altered by natural and human interferences.
The interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components creates an ecosystem.
Biotic components consists of producers, consumers and decomposers. Producers are autotrophic organisms which capture energy from light and make their own food with the help of chlorophyll.
Some of the major producers of the terrestrial ecosystem are trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses, etc. whereas phytoplankton's in the aquatic ecosystem. Consumers are categorized into herbviores , carnivores,and omnivores. Herbivores depends upon the plants and are called primary consumers whereas carnivores feed on animals. Omnivores like human beings consume producers, primary and secondary consumers as well. Decomposers perform a very critical function of returning the nutrients back into smaller molecules which can then be easily absorbed by fungi or certain bacteria (saprophytes) .Abiotic components include organic (carbohydrates, proteins, humus, etc.)
and inorganic (nitrogen, water, and CO2 ) compounds.
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